Ultrafine Grained Metals

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals are metallic materials characterized by an average grain size typically below 1 μm. This extreme grain refinement fundamentally alters deformation mechanisms, diffusion kinetics, and defect structures, enabling combinations of mechanical and functional properties that are inaccessible in conventional coarse-grained metals. UFG metals are widely studied for applications requiring simultaneous high strength, good electrical/thermal conductivity, and enhanced fatigue or wear resistance.